Computer And Its Application

Computer And Its Application



INTRODUCTION

The 20th century has come up with so many innovations and developments in the field of electronic technology. Specially the field of computer science has got top most priority in this connection. That is the reason that today we can't deny the importance and so-called use of computer in our daily lives. Computer is physically a bulk of electronic equipments but inside it is a full world and is as complicated as the human body system. Its overall functions and activities are analogous to be a human internal architecture. It receives something from outside world called as input data. It then processes the input data internally and finally either stores them on some magnetic media known as BACKING STORE or more likely MAGNETIC disks or finally delivers that processed data to the outside world known as output data. If we compare these activities with human activities, we observe that both computer machine and human being have the same functions and activities at all.

How To Make A Network

How To Make A Network



It is one of the charming issues of the computer studies to communicate to different computers. Whenever two or more computers communicate then it is called a network. There are multiple methods to make a network. One of the simplest methods is a direct connection of cable from 1 computer to another. That direct connection can be through a null modem cable or by connecting modem of one computer with other or connecting LAN card of one computer with other.

Most of the times people are not interested in direct connection, instead they like to make a network of more than 2 (may be 10 or 15) computers. For this purpose we cannot use a direct cable connection. To make such a network we need computers, cables, connectors and an extra switching device that can be Hub or Switch.

To prepare this type of network first thing is to plan the network. Planning means that how the computers will be placed, what will be their arrangement and what operating system will be used. After deciding these things cabling is done. Cabling means to prepare cable. Different types of cables can be used for this purpose but twisted pair cable most commonly used. With each cable two connectors are used. For twisted pair RJ45 connectors are used. These connectors are attached on the both ends of wire with the help of a device called clamper using special arrangement. Cabling is important because if cable is not prepared properly then communication can not happen. Therefore, after preparing cables these are checked for correctness.

After preparing cables we can connect all the computers using Hub or Switch. Switch and Hub are similar to each other but Switch is more efficient than Hub because Hub broadcasts the traffic and Switch unicasts the traffic. Broadcasting means that on receiving data that data is transmitted to every computer in the network and unicasting means that data is transmitted only to destination.

Use of Hub or Switch does not make a difference during its usage. There is no difference in their installation. Method to connect is that one end of cable is inserted in LAN card of computer and other end of cable is inserted in Switch or Hub. Same process is done with every computer. Note that every computer must have a LAN card for this purpose. After this job network is physically complete.

Network is physically complete but it is not complete logically. Depending upon the operating system, there can be different type of networks. For example, workgroup or domain network. If we are using windows 95,98 then a workgroup network is made. In this type of network files and printers can be shared but it does not provide extraordinary usage of network. In windows NT/2000 a domain network as well as a workgroup network can be made. A domain network is a powerful network that provides a lot of facilities. Using this type of network multiple users and their accounts can be managed. Different users can be assigned different rights. Computers can be controlled remotely by using domain networks. Domain networks are more difficult to manage than workgroup networks are used where more security is required.

To make a workgroup network only the thing needed is to assign every computer a name and a workgroup. Name of every computer must be different and workgroup must be a same. For example, if we have 10 computers then we can have names as C1, C2...C10 and workgroup name of all computers as My Work Group. Note there is no need to make a server. Every computer has similar importance.

To make a domain network every computer is assigned a computer name and same domain name. There must be a server computer. Domain must be created on a server computer. After naming computers these computers, must be added to the domain made on the server. Now we can create one user account on the server and this will be available on every computer.

These types of networks are common in educational institutes, net cafes and small business organizations. This article has described the out line of networking process. To achieve excellence in the field it is necessary to do all these things practically.